Filesystem require troubleshooting during boot process. Linux may have trouble mounting a specific partition or check of filesystem integrity fails in some way. In either case, you will receive message fsck operation failed then you need root password to gain access to Linux.
The fsck command is important as is used by Linux periodically to automatically check most of partitions on system.
As with mkfs, it is a front end to commands dedicated to relevant filesystems such as fsck.ext2, fsck.ext3 and fsck.reiserfs. fsck command is all you need if you know filesystems format. If partition is formatted with ext3 , the fsck.ext3 command is called automatically.
fsck COMMAND SWITCHES
| SWITCH | EXPLANATION |
| -a | Automatically repairs target filesystems without prompts. Should be used only within /etc/rc.sysinit |
| -b superblock | use a different superblock. Optional superblocks can be found via the dumpe2fs command. |
| -A | Check all filesystems listed in /etc/fstab. |
| -R | When -A is used, skip the root(/) directory filesystem. |
| -y | when fsck suggests a solution, it sets a default answer of "yes". |
WARNING:- Do not run fsck on a mounted partition otherwise it can lead to severe filesystem damage.
If you suspect a problem, run fsck on unmounted partition, Generally default suggestions should be accepted to repair filesystem problems. It may lead to some data lost, but it will make your partition bootable again. Than you should be able to reboot Linux clearly.
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